How Can We Help The Homeless And Should We?: Searching For A Solution :: essays research papers

How Might We Help the Homeless and Should We?: Searching for a Solution Only a couple of months prior I was with my companions Mike and Kim and we had been strolling around making some extraordinary memories in the city. We then left a store and Kim said something faintly like, "Oh, no," when I appeared to be identical heading to locate a moderately aged man with a plastered gaze to him. She knew this man as "the town drunk" and he had been destitute for a considerable length of time. He approached us for the time and we answered, however he didn't simply stop with that and tailed us over the road chattering unceasingly. He was recounting to as long as he can remember story in the fifteen minutes we remained there: he discussed how he grew up living poor with his family and how he needed to be taught and experience school to get a decent work so he could live well. However, he said his folks simply didn't have the cash also, it was unthinkable. I felt undermined as did Mike and Kim from the smashed motions of this man and pondered internally, if this man needed to make something of his life, I mean in the event that he truly needed to, he would invest more energy and some way or another do wh at he needed. We attempted to leave at the earliest opportunity.      But then I started perusing these articles about the destitute and it began to alter my perspective. The exposition "Virginia's Trap" by Peter Marin particularly affected me on account of the manner in which it depicts the young lady that has nothing going for her and nearly everything against her. I however about this and chose I had misjudged the entire situation of this populace and thought there must be a superior method to support these appalling individuals. By what method should we help the destitute and would it be advisable for us to attempt despite the fact that they may not support themselves? I figure that is the most significant inquiry that should be replied on the off chance that anything is to be finished.      Of the articles I dissected Awalt's "Brother Don't Spare a Dime" was the one article that conflicted with helping the destitute in light of the fact that the writer believes it's their own deficiency for being how they are. The other two papers are simpler on the destitute and need to loan some assistance. In "Address Unknown: Destitute in Contemporary America" James Wright believes that helping the destitute by giving them more advantages that they will be progressively prosperous. Dwindle Marin has a similar thought in "Virginia's Trap" where the young lady needs only a

Constructivism Theory Essay

Constructivism is a correspondence hypothesis that looks to clarify singular contrasts in the capacity to impart handily. Jesse Delia and his partners at the University of Illinois at first built up the hypothesis of constructivism in the correspondence discipline during the 1970s (Delia, O’Keefe, and O’Keefe, 1982). The individuals who built up the constructivist way to deal with human correspondence were keen on seeing how people’s understandings of the social world affected their informative conduct. Quite a bit of our initial speculating was affected by researchers, for example, the Swiss analyst, Jean Piaget (1896â€1980), and the American logician, George Herbert Mead (1863â€1931), both of whom accepted that powerful correspondence relied upon the capacity to â€Å"take† (or innovatively build) the point of view of others. Since we saw correspondence as a skillâ€as a down to earth workmanship for achieving social purposesâ€we were especially keen on seeing how singular contrasts in the impression of individuals and get-togethers were identified with the utilization of more and less compelling types of correspondence. Constructivism is the capacity of an individual to speak with others in social circumstances that present capable correspondence with others. Constructivists as a rule are more worried about mental structures than mental procedures. It depends on the capacity to talk with other individual, which additionally implies that messages must be made. Constructivism expands on how people fabricate implications. It is the manner by which we understand the world, cooperation and ourselves. It is a humanistic hypothesis and manages people handling impressions. It is worried about the subjective procedures that go before the real correspondence inside a given circumstance. Estimating and watching these subjective procedures can be a troublesome assignment. While I concur that individuals who can adjust their messages to specific circumstances and crowds are more effective than the individuals who are not capable, saying that the individuals who are all the more psychologically complex are in every case increasingly fruitful is most likely distorting reality. It is likewise a hypothesis which accentuates various layers of discernment. It shares Ontological and Epistemological suppositions. Constructivism manages the psychological multifaceted nature of a person. The individuals who are subjectively mind boggling are comprehended to be fit for seeing relational messages better and framing more â€Å"elaborate impressions of others† (Waltman, 2002).

IRAC Method Analysis Essay Sample

IRAC Method Analysis Essay Sample IRAC Method for Legal Writing The IRAC method that is commonly used for legal writing, helps break down fact patterns, complex terminology, and complicated legal analysis into easy to understand blocks of text. Generally, IRAC format is used in bar exams and law school for solving hypothetical questions. This method can also be useful for summarizing legal opinion and preparing a case brief that short summary of the usual formal court opinion. Such documents can be prepared when doing legal research, preparing for a bar exam, or explaining a court case to other people. When writing legal documents, it is possible to follow a good IRAC method example that will make things easier. The IRAC method is widely used by writing instructor, law students, and lawyers as a useful method of answering complicated legal questions. IRAC Components IRAC is an acronym where the letters stand for the following four words: Issue, Rule, Application, and Conclusion. The Issue is the main legal question or statement. In this section, it is crucial to define exactly the law question which is usually made in the form of ‘Whetherwhen’. The Rule section is the statement of appropriate rules relating directly to deciding the issue. The Application (Analysis) section uses the rules which were stated in the rules section for analysis the case. Conclusion section answers the question that was formulated in the issue section. The Facts are very important for every step when using the method and determine it how the process of the reasoning should be developed. The IRAC methodology helps reduce legal reasoning on the complicated issues and organize the legal analysis more efficiently. The IRAC methods reduce errors in legal reasoning as well. So to apply IRAC methodology for solving a hypothetical question at law exam, we should follow certain steps: Identify every issue which is in the hypothetical pattern. Find appropriate legal rules that are relevant to every issue and make a statement of rules. Provide explanation how rules should be used and analyze the facts. Make a conclusion on how every issue may be resolved. More free time? Better grade? Click on this button nowOrder Now When using this method, it is necessary to demonstrate the reasoning that was used for making a conclusion. IRAC Method Example King Ltd is a manufacturer of chemical goods. It signed a contract with Bing Ltd a large discount retailer. According to the contract, King Ltd was to supply the manufactured goods exclusively to Bing Ltd. Later, the directors of Bing Ltd discover that there is a wholly-owned subsidiary of King Ltd which sells identical chemical goods to competitors at cheaper prices. It turned out that the subsidiary was included to enable King Ltd to avoid the consequences of the contract with Bing Ltd. Provide advice for the directors. Issue: The main legal question is whether it is possible here to pierce the corporate veil. Rule: The legal principle that should be applied, established in Malodans case is that a company is an independent legal identity from its members and directors. But there are exceptions when it is possible to pierce the corporate veil. In the case of Buildnord Lotor Co Ltd v Borne, it was decided that the corporate veil can be pierced if a wholly owned subsidiary was made by a company to avoid a legal obligation. Application: In this case, King Ltd organized the subsidiary company to avoid its obligations under the contract to supply its chemical goods exclusively to Bing Ltd. Conclusion: The directors can ask the court to pierce the veil of the wholly-owned subsidiary of King Ltd and sue King Ltd for the break of contract.

Age Thirteen A Tough Age For Some - 918 Words

Age thirteen can be a tough age for some. It is the start of one s teen years and that of puberty. Also the year I graduated the eighth grade and moved on to become a freshman in high school. Unfortunately, it was also the age my parents decided to go separate ways and divorce. Divorce as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary is the end of a marriage by legal process. The word divorce makes many teens feel uneasy; some know the meaning all too well. The thought of my parents divorcing was living in the back of my mind, due to their constant arguing and fighting. When parents fight it causes us teens to feel sad and unhappy. Having to go through this process as a teen is difficult and even more so, to confront it. My goal is to share ways to help you cope with your guardians divorcing. The first and most important step to help you get by this is to not blame yourself. This is most likely to be your immediate reaction and perhaps say this is all my fault†, when in reality you were never the problem to begin with. Many teens, like myself, get caught in between their parents who are arguing and angry with each other. It may be even harder for, you to know that your peers still have both parents in a relationship. Do not let that bother you. In fact, you never know if their parents will divorce in the future. Author Kingsolver says in her piece â€Å"Stone Soup† that, we are statistically more likely to divorce, and to live in blended families or other extra nuclearShow MoreRelatedTreat Juveniles Differently than Adult Criminals Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesTreat Juveniles Differently than Adult Criminals I do not think it is a good idea to lock juveniles up in prisons with adults. For a child to set down and plan a murder for instance, there would have to be some kind of deep emotional problem. On the other side of this, if the child knows right from wrong and he can sit down and plan a murder, then you could say if he is old enough to kill someone then he is old enough to die. The juvenile criminal is rooted much deeper than right fromRead MoreJeffrey Dahmer, The Milwaukee Monster1367 Words   |  6 Pagesresulting in withdrawal from Jeffrey. At the age of four he suffered from a double hernia. Although it was not a major surgical procedure young Jeffrey was confused and alone due to the fact that no one ever comforted and explained to him what was going on. At the age of six Jeffrey welcomed a little brother into the world. After his brother was born Jeffrey’s father got a new job and they relocated to Ohio where Jeffrey’s insecurities deepened. At the ag e of ten Jeffrey’s parents started noticingRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And Adult Court1502 Words   |  7 Pagesrequires more severe repercussions. On the other hand we see that youth offenders as being developmentally different than adult offenders and can be rehabilitated even though, it is not considered to be the primary goal of our system. Since the get tough on crime policy deterrence has been the primary goal of our justice system. The government feels that locking someone up will deter other people from making the same mistake. Statistics have shown that this does the opposite. Jeffery Fagan, a ColumbiaRead MoreEssay on The History of Chemistry and Its Influence on Society732 Words   |  3 Pagestechnologies that helped eventually form the different branches of chemistry. Some of the different technologies include taking metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, producing beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making different types of glass, and making things called alloys like bronze. The earliest time of chemistry was called, The Early Metallurgy age. The earliest recorded metal was gold. Other important metals that were discoveredRead MoreThe War Of 1812 By Andrew Jackson1681 Words   |  7 Pagesman who would not deal with these conflicts so he would turn to violence. Because yes, violence is the answer to all problems. Andrew Jackson is a unique kind of fellow to learn about, and most people would only know him as a tough man who always leads things to violence. Some may have not known the many difficult obstacles that Andrew has faced in his life in which he had to surpass in order to have gone so far and be very successful. Also, all the things he has done has gained him a guaranteed spotRead MoreNaturalisitic Observation Essay944 Words   |  4 Pagesthere with my sunglasses on as if I was waiting for someone or just catching some sun. As cars came through the entrance, I would glance over in that direction, with sunglasses on so that it doesn’t appear that I looking straight into the car. I recorded in my chart each time a new car entered. When I had observed twenty five drivers, my chart showed that out of these twenty five drivers, twelve were women and thirteen were men. . The observations showed there were distinctions between the numberRead MoreEssay on Teen Pregnancy1244 Words   |  5 Pages In this day and age the rate of teenagers who become pregnant has substantially increased. I myself am not one of them, but having a few friends who became pregnant at a very young age Ive learned quite a bit about it. Now, I am not saying that teenage pregnancy is wrong or right. For some teenagers it could be a very joyful experience if they are mature enough to handle it. It can teach them lessons about life and responsibility. For the less mature teens though, its a disaster. In that caseRead MoreWilliam Of The Battle Of Hastings1124 Words   |  5 Pagesregaining their power following the Great Schism. This was the result of â€Å"Investiture Conflict† over who employed the clergy. They could then Preach sermons to the community of nearly 100% Christians, and some even appointed new rulers. Sadly, like previous Kings (who appointed family as Ch urch clergy), some Popes became corrupt and capitalised their power. They prevaricated about what the Bible expressed, to receive more money from the attendants of the Sunday mass. This was the majority of people, knownRead MoreCompassion Impacts Wayward Youth1619 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped in Chicago based on the patriarchal premise that a tough compassionate judge could impact the lives of wayward youths. However, politicians changed this with â€Å"tough on crime† policies for election. Many juvenile criminals became labeled as â€Å"superpredators† and were thus deemed beyond any help and were tried as adults. Fortunately, not everyone in the criminal system believes that juvenile criminals are beyond help. Some of the people that believe that there is hope for the juvenileRead MoreBrave Leos Legacy701 Words   |  3 Pagesactually common size. His mother barely cares for her family since her husband died, so all the pressure it put on Leo. Regardless of it being a burden, for Leo he handles it with exceptional maturity, as if he has been an adult since he was thirteen. Thirteen was a distinctive year for Leo because it was when he received a chip inserted into his wrist which was a tracking device for the government called the Bodhi. The central theme of the dystopia is that the Bodhi won the civil war and got rid

Music and Racism - 885 Words

A music player is a media player that can only play audio files. People use it to listen to music for them to feel and think differently. Not only can music influence different ideas in the society, but it can also be used for therapeutic purposes for it can trigger the emotion pool of a person. It also has an ability to manipulate the way a person think. This must be the reason why a lot of people listen to music beside the aspect of creativity, art and the feeling of being related to the songs. A music player and its music has become very influential to humans in creating different views on religion, racial beliefs, gender, principle, and attitude. Music can affect a person in many ways, it can change his views, decisions,†¦show more content†¦Racism is all about difference and power. A song, Black, Brown and White was recorded and it implies that there were more people from the black side who experience unemployment than people from the white side (Bloch Solomos, 2010). This is a clear manifestation of racism in songs for the issue tackled degrades the abilities of the black people. Although the effects of racism are not seen, it has its psychological effects on blacks and the racists. Music and its powerful means to spread messages to the humans have a big effect on society today. It may affect one in a negative manner such as teaching an individual how to use foul words or it may put one into a bad mood. Although one may not know the hidden meanings behind one song influences an individual as well. One message spread through music is the idea of racism. Music not only has issues in discrimination and racism but also in religion. In an article by Lake State Publications (2002), the transformation of music started during the early Christian era. It said that only Gregorian Chants were recognized in sacred ceremonies. However, secular and non-religious songs became rampant when the church had an unlikely encounter with the French Nobles called troub adours causing them to write the very first secular songs and ask the ministers to sing them to the public. Secular music continued to gain importance to the masses and vocal music became more importantShow MoreRelatedWhat Does Music Provide A Means Of Resistance For Challenging The Power Relations Of Racism, Class And Gender2861 Words   |  12 PagesTo what extent can music provide a means of resistance for challenging the power relations of racism, class and gender? This paper will open by first and foremost, explaining the different sociological meanings of the term power, so as the reader has an understanding of the arguments being made. This will allow anybody reading this paper to follow the arguments being made. Music can provide a means of resistance for challenging the power relations of racism, class and gender in a number of waysRead MoreEssay about â€Å"Sonny’s Blues â€Å" - Follow Your Dreams915 Words   |  4 Pages The story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues â€Å"is about two brothers that deal with racism. In dealing with their issues they both suffer and survive in their family and community. Their stories are a strong impact on their character and how they deal with their pain. Sonny chooses a more damaging means of racism, such as drug addiction to heroin; although, he does find a better choice music! The older brother, the narrator, James Baldwin, goes to college to become a teacher, and give back to hi s communityRead MoreBook Review: A women Doing Life936 Words   |  4 Pageshistorical context of women in prison. It explains beyond the little information presented in the media about women life in prison and the challenges they face as inmates. As the story begins, Dawes found the first taste f rock music and new all about it. According to her, the music was cathartic and liberating. She was compelled to express her feeling without conformity. She wanted to have a sense of belonging to a certain group, but found it was about her own individual. She had not known any other blackRead MoreThe Legacy Of Soul Music1509 Words   |  7 PagesSoul is a music genre that over five decades or so remains very popular in the music industry. This may be due to the fact that soul has had a huge impact upon other genres. Shuker defines soul as a â€Å"secular version of gospel, soul was the major black musical form of the 1960s and 1970s and remained evident in various hybrid styles since, for example, contemporary neo-soul and soul jazz (312). The history of soul music is notable for producing a range of artists who have assisted African-AmericanRead MoreAnalyzing Past And Present Hip Hop1590 Words   |  7 Pagesdynamic in which music has changed by its usage of language and various forms of dialect and productivity it is clear that Hip Hop is a lot different in today s modern society then in the 80 s and in the 90 s. In dissecting the lyrics of the Modern day lyrical rapper J.Cole and High End rapper Nas in order to understand the level of distinction that has taken place within the Hip Hop Culture overtime. J. Cole is best known for his realism, and authentic truth displayed in his music. J. Coles andRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The Blacker The Berry1638 Words   |  7 Pagesinstance, artists like Kendrick Lamar have expressed the issue of racial discrimination. In his song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† from his album To pimp a butterfly (2015), he speaks about the racism and stereotypes from his own experiences. The song is about the frustration with how African Americans are treated due to the racism. This hip-pop song enhances the message through the use of Lamar personal life experiences as well his way of rapping with the intense beats. This demonstrates the seriousness of hisRead MoreMusic and Race Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagescertain music to cure diseases or to make scientific or technological discoveries, music is one thing society can never live without. To both artists and their listeners, music provides an indispensible beauty that helps fulfill lives, and connect to nature. Music expresses the human condition in the purest way and affects everyone at a personal level. Plato, a well-known classical Greek philosopher once said, â€Å"If you want to measure the spiritual depth of society, make sure to mark its music.† GenerallyRead MorePopular Music and Politics1091 Words   |  5 Pagesis popular music an effective medium of political discourse? It is almost impossible to imagine a life without music. We listen to music for various reasons but most of us listen to it for one simple reason: entertainment. Rhythm and the melody give us great pleasure. Even sometimes we think that certain songs describes our lives and us. When we think deeper about music and its impacts in social life, we realize that music has more functions than entertaining people. Music has been usedRead MoreMusic And Its Impact On The Usa849 Words   |  4 Pages In the USA there are many different styles of music just like all around the world but music can be an outlet for different races in different ways. I believe that the type of music people in the USA listen to is controlled by the big record labels to keep certain races down and to help keep other races in charge. Music, like many artist have stated is freedom and self expression, it can have a large effect on how you feel or can completely change your perspective on life situations after liste ningRead MoreThe Spread of Jazz and the Effects on Society1288 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Face, Blue Notes and Whiteman The early growth and rapid expansion of popular American music in late nineteenth and early twentieth century America had widespread and irreversible effects on not only the growing black population, but also on America as a whole. The growth and evolution of music in this period, though fraught with racism and obstacles for the black performer, prepared the nation for the cultural revolution that allowed for the improvement of race relations and, ultimately

Being A Female In a Leadership Position Within The Military Free Essays

The life of a woman in active Army service is not made up of cherries and cotton candy. Active military life requires me to constantly overcome various obstacles that are placed within my path on a daily basis. But unlike the other women who quit instead of trying to overcome the difficulties so that they can advance to the senior level positions, I chose to stay on and prove that I am somebody who will always muster the courage to become a worthy counterpart of the male soldier. We will write a custom essay sample on Being A Female In a Leadership Position Within The Military or any similar topic only for you Order Now I cannot blame the women who leave the service before they reach the senior grade levels though. Sometimes, the obstacles seem insurmountable and endless so that it seems like it is no longer worth the effort to keep on fighting. The reality is that the Army was developed by males and having females come into their ranks as soldiers and officers simply does not sit well with a vast majority of these people. Male soldiers want to believe that women will forever be weak and feeble creatures. Which is why it will take a immensely strong and influential female role model, a female in active service who will accomplish something so admirable that it will be impossible for the men to ignore the accomplishment to change the male perception. Such an embodiment of female leadership will also finally give the female soldiers a leader whom they can emulate, idolize, and hope to be in the future. The question female soldiers are now left with is â€Å"Where do we find such a woman to lead us? † I have seen some females who could be the role model we seek but because they are opinionated and sometimes seem more masculine than the males in an effort to make themselves heard, these women get administratively charged and then fired or worse, they voluntarily leave because of the frustration they feel I will admit that building a career as a female Army leader carries tremendous stress and frustration because we have to constantly prove ourselves, sometimes while facing overwhelming odds. We know very well that the men want to see us fail and the higher leaders already talk down to us and undermine our confidence and ability to think as strong minded females, we still voice our opinions — but at a cost to our femininity. When I was serving at Camp Taji in Iraq, there was a woman who came to the brigade and it seemed like the entire female population of the camp was discussing who she was and where she came from. Before she arrived on camp, we had a male leader who pretty much did not understand, or did not care that the female soldiers where not complying with the regulations. Maybe he was afraid of being reported for sexual harassment if he called a female on a violation. All of that changed when our female leader arrived. We began to take pride in our appearance and grooming because this leader was not afraid to call us on any infractions we may have. Here was a woman who had the grace of a ballerina, the posture of a military professional, and the attitude of a leader who knew how to get the job done. She spoke in the manner of a highly educated person who was neither condescending nor rude. Not once did I ever catch her in a uniform that was not sharply pressed. Her hair was always tucked behind her head and her hat was always so crisp that it would stand on its own. She knew all about the Army Standard and insured that she would always uphold it to the best of her abilities. She did not care that she faced becoming an outcast because she was vocal about her beliefs regarding what was right for the army. She did not hesitate to use discipline when necessary and she let us know that if the Army cannot entrust you with small tasks, how could we be expected to complete real missions on the battlefront? Discipline was key. Sure she was called a bitch by most, but she was a bitch who got the job done. She knew that there were no acceptable excuses and compliance with the rules is all that mattered. For those are the traits of a real leader. She has been my role model ever since. Males believe that women who succeed in military life can only be either of 2 things. A bitch or a lesbian. Neither of which are true. I am severely hurt when I hear comments like this. More so when I hear it from fellow females. This is why when I was given the duty of a company leader, I told myself that I was going to prove them wrong. I can be an effective leader without being a bitch and still keep my femininity to use whenever I want to. Since I currently serve as a company leader, I find myself constantly having to push myself to perform my duties even more effectively than a man. With 6 platoons and a corresponding 6 male platoon Sergeants under my direct supervision, 3 of whom have been in active military service far longer than me, I can honestly say that it took a lot of heartache for me to be able to lead them because they never expected a female to come out of nowhere and be given the duty of running a line unit. My first few months as company leader were very difficult. I had to overcome the fact that my platoon sergeants chose to ignore my orders and would rather do things their own way. The problem with this situation is that when all hell broke lose, it was my command responsibility and it was my bottom on the line. The men viewed me as a figurehead but, as they quickly learned, I knew how to get their attention and crack the whip upon them. It took some time but my corrective training eventually paid off and they now regard me with the same respect as they would a male company leader. I approached the situation the way a male company leader would. I knew exactly what they could do on a PT challenge so I stepped up the requirements a bit for them. After 55 pushups, 100 sit ups and a 13:00 run that left them winded, they certainly had a clear message regarding who was in charge of the company. From then on, I never hesitated to reintroduce them to Army Standards as the need arose. Each time I run my company, I recall my experiences with that female leader in Iraq and remind myself that she was leadership in action. She was at the top of her game and although probably lonely at the top, she was prepared for all the challenges that came her way. I was able to properly do my job and was good at it because I chose to be an engaging leader. My job was to make sure that my soldier’s received 100% quality training and I did not let the challenges posed before me because of my gender stop me from delivering what was necessary. It is unfortunate that these challenges to the female gender will always be present. Men will always develop a sense of anger and bitterness when a woman gets ahead of them. I have experienced being conspired against by my male subordinates because I threatened their male supremacy within the ranks. Which is why I try to seek a balance between the two genders. I ask both the male and females for advice in order to prove to the males that I only want to work with them, not against them. Gender discrimination is not a right. It not a privilege either. It is an unacceptable situation that exists within the military because of gender bias and issues. There was a serious point in time when all the intrigue was hitting me so hard that I contemplated leaving the military. I was frustrated and discouraged by what I believe to be the direction the military was headed in. Thankfully, I was talked out of it by the other females in the army who were with me in similar positions of authority. Through their mentorship, I came to the realization that I had to stay where I was regardless of the obstacles before me because the future of women in the military depended upon it. If every female who ever entered active military service were to quit, the males will have won and proven that females just do not have what it takes to survive in a world that they wish to solely dominate. Men in the military are already an established dominant population. But that does not mean that the military can never be female ready. It is up to existing female military leaders such as myself to cultivate the new military world. Where women will be able to serve alongside men with a little restrictions as possible while taking care of ourselves on the field. After all, men take care of themselves on the battlefront. If women want to be treated equally in the military, they we should learn to become just as self sufficient and independent on all the fronts. 2 years ago, females were finally allowed to see active combat duty in Iraq. I consider this to be a success for the females in military service. This is the military’s acknowledgement that men and women actually have the same skill level once trained properly and can both serve on the battlefront without being a hindrance to one another. Work Cited Bender, Bryan. (2005). U. S. women get closer to combat. The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://www. boston. com/news/nation/washington/articles/2005/01/26/us_women_get_closer_to/ RAND. (1997). Military readiness: women are not a problem. RAND Research Brief . Retrieved December 5, 2007, How to cite Being A Female In a Leadership Position Within The Military, Essays

Starbucks as a Leading Coffee and Coffeehouse Company

Starbucks is a leading coffee and coffeehouse company. It has outlets in more than 55 countries; the company success has been attributed to its appropriate marketing strategies (Starbucks Corporate website). This paper takes an analysis of industrial and company factors affecting it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks as a Leading Coffee and Coffeehouse Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Industrial analysis An industrial analysis undertakes an analysis of external factors affecting the company and likely to affect its operation. To undertake an analysis of Starbucks, the paper will focus on Porters five forces of industrial analysis. Supplier’s power Starbucks is respected as one of the international companies that have developed a good relationship with its suppliers. It ensures that the suppliers are paid in good time and they have good repo. Other than meeting the expectations of suppliers, it has programs targeted to ensure there is constant supply of coffee beans to the company. On its part, it ensures it gets quality form suppliers where a test of quality at delivery is conducted in every 250 bags; three samples are taken for quality test. Barrier to entry The coffee industry has many players who have different approaches to remain competitive. Starbucks success has been attributed to continuous improvements of its products and coming up with new products so that it can effectively enter different markets. Threats of substitutes There are different substitutes for coffee available, they include tea, cocoa, soya, soft-beverages alcohol among others as well other flavours by coffee companies. To ensure that it has remained competitive, Starbucks have embarked on good internal processes that ensure that quality coffee is roasted at the right temperature and desired blending is done accordingly. The company has also invested in coming up with new tastes to create a ple asant experience to its customers. Buyer power Customers are the most important part of a business, the relationship that a company has with its customers determines the success of the company. To ensure that the company enjoys from positive buyer perception, it has embarked on improving its products, prices and promotional process. It is with the same spirit that it has come up with different tastes as it expands to different countries and strategic locations. Rivalry The result of the above factors is the level of rivalry that the company has had; it has been successfully to be the world leading coffee and coffeehouse company respected for its environmental conservation programs (Paley 12).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Company Analysis Company analysis focus on internal factors affecting a company; as much as the company has been favoured by internal processes, it is on ly able to take advantage of the external processes because of its effective internal processes. Organisational culture The company has a positive-to -success organisational culture; all employees for the good of the company support the culture. It believes in giving good services to its customers; this is only possible by having effective human resource management who are well motivated. To do so the company conducts training seminars and provides appropriate working conditions to its employees. One policy that the Company has been respected for is environmental policies, the company grades and prices its raw materials from the production method used point of view. A farmer who produces with minimal environmental damage gets high returns from the company. The company has enhanced good supplier’s relation. Innovativeness has been respected in the company were employees are encouraged to give inputs on the way forward for the company (Hooley and Saunders 72). BCG portfolio Ana lysis The model of analysis divides a business into four different areas; it looks as follows; Stars Starbucks have had increased sales in different tastes and blend of coffee. The company has embarked on innovations and developments of tastes to ensure that its main line of business is operating well.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks as a Leading Coffee and Coffeehouse Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cash cows The company has developed a strong brand name that it is offering a higher rate of returns from its assets than what is expected by the industry. To remain competitive, it has developed new tastes pin the market. The returns to its shareholders are higher than the industry rate. Question marks They are areas that can be exploited for the benefit of the company. The company is facing an increased investment in new developments to ensure that it makes products for that beat its competitor s. Such areas of concerns are in snacks development and trying of new tastes and blends. Dogs They have low market share and demand; in Starbucks, it occurs when new products have been developed, it may take relatively long time to fully get into the market but when finally it gets into the market it becomes a cash cow. Conclusion The success of Starbucks can be attributed to effective internal processes, which have enacted mechanisms to understand external factors affecting the company and devised appropriate mechanisms. The company undertakes internal and external audits as a tool when making strategic decisions. Works Cited Hooley, Graham, and Saunders John. Competitive Strategy: the Key to Marketing Strategy. New York: Prentice Hall, 1993.Print. Paley, Norton. The manager’s guide to competitive marketing strategies. London: CRC Press, 1999. Print. Starbucks Corporate website. Starbucks. 2011. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Starbucks as a Leading Coffee and Coffeehouse Company was written and submitted by user Anabella Sharpe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The man without a face

The man without a face Free Online Research Papers The Man Without a Face is a 1993 drama film starring and directed by Mel Gibson. The film is based on Isabelle Hollands 1972 novel of the same name. Gibsons directorial debut received respectful reviews from most critics. Contents [hide] 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 4 Treatment of sexuality 5 Urban legend 6 References 7 External links [edit]Plot The film takes place in the turbulent era of the late 1960s. For the past seven years, Justin McLeod (Gibson) has been living the life of a recluse painter. McLeod, a former teacher, has lived this way ever since a car accident left him disfigured and killed one of his students. However, a young boy named Chuck needs a tutor to help him pass a military academys entrance exam. He eventually is able to persuade McLeod to become his teacher, and the two develop a friendship. Chuck keeps his daily meetings with McLeod a secret to avoid the scorn of being associated with the disfigured man with a past shrouded in mystery. When his mother learns that Chuck has been visiting the man, she and the rest of the town are convinced that McLeod must have been molesting the child, despite Chucks repeated denials. Chuck confronts McLeod, and learns the full story of his disfigurement: McLeod, a former teacher, was in a car accident with a student who was in love with him. He was branded a pedophile and exiled from his hometown. Once his relationship with Chuck is discovered, McLeod is once again railed out of town and ordered by the authorities not to have any sort of contact with Chuck. On his way out of town, McLeod leaves Chuck a note wishing him the best of luck in his academic goals and a reminder to tolerate people who are different. In the films finale, Chuck is shown graduating with honors from the military academy and sees a mysterious figure in the background, recognizing it as his tutor, the man without a face. [edit]Cast Mel Gibson as Justin McLeod Nick Stahl as Charles E. Chuck Norstadt Margaret Whitton as Catherine Palin Fay Masterson as Gloria Norstadt Gaby Hoffmann as Megan Norstadt Geoffrey Lewis as Chief Wayne Stark Richard Masur as Prof. Carl Hartley Michael DeLuise as Douglas Hall, Glorias Boyfriend Ethan Phillips as Todd Lansing Jean De Baer as Mrs. Lansing Jack De Mave as Mr. Cooper Viva as Mrs. Cooper Justin Kanew as Rob Lansing [edit]Production The Man Without a Face was filmed in Maine and marked the film debut of Nick Stahl. Mel Gibson initially had planned only to direct the film, and he asked three other actors to play the role of Justin McLeod. However, due to difficulty securing funding, Gibson decided to star in the film.[citation needed] [edit]Treatment of sexuality The films treatment of sexuality between Justin McLeod and Chuck Norstadt differs from the book by Isabelle Holland. In the original novel, McLeod behaves in a way that could be interpreted as child grooming, taking Chuck swimming and being affectionate to him. Chuck, meanwhile, seems to be attracted to McLeod as more than just as a father figure. There is one scene where it is strongly implied that McLeod sexually abuses Chuck in his bedroom. In the film, McLeod demonstrates no sexual interest in the boy at all, even though Chuck appears downstairs in his underwear when the police officer calls. Critics have noted that the books criticism of homophobia had been obscured in the film version. Gibson has expressed dislike for the book because of its implied sexual contact between McLeod and Chuck: I read the script first and thats what I liked. The book is just Im sorry, but the guy did it. And you know, like, why? I just wanted to say something a lot more positive.[2] [edit]Urban legend Around the time of the releases of Gibsons films The Patriot and Passion of the Christ, an internet rumour falsely attributed to radio commentator Paul Harvey claimed this film was based on an actual incident that happened to Gibson as a young man. It proved to be false.[3] Research Papers on The man without a faceStandardized TestingWhere Wild and West MeetTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XQuebec and CanadaMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Business Personal Statement What Why How

Business Personal Statement What Why How Business Personal Statement: What? Why? How? In this article, we are going to give you a step-by-step guide on all of the essential tips that you need to complete your business personal statement. What is a Business Personal Statement? It is very competitive to try and secure a space in a high-quality business studies course. Your business personal statement is one of the ways in which you can demonstrate your potential above and beyond your grades. An engaging and insightful business personal statement can be a way of standing out from the rest of the candidates who are competing for the available places on the course that you wish to study. Why Do You Need a Business Personal Statement? A business personal statement is designed to give some sense of who you are as a person. For many courses, it is an essential part of the application and candidate assessment process. How to Complete a Business Personal Statement? The key thing with a business personal statement is to be authentic, to be yourself, and to convey that in a professional way that connects with the people who are assessing your application. There are four main points that you should mention in your business personal statement. These are as follows: Why are you interested in studying this course? For example, you may say something like â€Å"I have had a lifelong interest in economics†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I am fascinated by the operation of the stock market†¦Ã¢â‚¬  How do your previous studies qualify you for this course? For example, you may say something like â€Å"My previous studies of international politics have shown me the interrelation between politics and economics†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"My outstanding grades in my junior business studies qualification have given me an excellent basis to continue to challenge myself academically†¦Ã¢â‚¬  What life experience do you have that qualifies you for this course? For example, you may say something like â€Å"Having dealt with my family’s small business, I have a sound understanding of microeconomics†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I’ve been an active participant in stock market simulations to help me build my understanding of real-time trading patterns†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Why have you chosen this specific course? You may say something like: â€Å"Having compared all of the available options, I believe this course will give me the skills and knowledge I need†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"The outstanding reputation of this course will be a tremendous asset to my CV†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It is important that you do not copy anyone else’s business personal statement. It is okay to look at some examples to see how best to structure what you are writing, but your business personal statement has to be about you, it has to reflect your experiences, and what you believe. The business personal statement has to be about you, but do not hesitate to seek assistance and feedback. Share your business personal statement with your friends, family, and professional network. Ask for feedback, ask whether it accurately reflects who you are, ask for any suggestions on how to improve it and make it more impactful. With a strong business personal statement, you will be well-placed to secure the business course to which you aspire.

Auditing&Assurance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Auditing&Assurance - Assignment Example Auditors go evaluate reports to ensure that they are accurately presented 1. The work of auditing should be conducted by independent professionals who demonstrate a high level of integrity. They should be honest, unbiased and sincere while discharging their duties. Most organizations experience cases of fraud, mismanagement of resources, and corruption among other vices. The vices are very costly to the organization and sometimes may be the beginning of the downfall of an organization. Most organizations lose their resources through fraudulent activities that are carried out by employees and sometimes senior managers. It is not easy to establish the fraudulent activities since it is performed by skilled individuals such as accountants. The cases might go easily unnoticed if a prima-facie approach is used to verify transactions. In order to unearth anomalies and discrepancies, a proper and independent investigation must be initiated. Auditors are the only professional that can be able to launch a thorough investigation that can assist the management discover fraudulent transactions and other illegal activities2. Auditing entails a number of activities. It analyses the books of account of an organization critically. Groups carry out numerous transactions that are recorded in the books of account. Conversely, fraudulent activities may take place during the recording stage. Accountants may alter the figure so that they can embezzle funds. The role of auditors is to look into the books to ensure no suspicious transactions have been recorded. In addition, they confirm the arithmetic accuracy of the documents that have been provided. Secondly, they are mandated with the responsibility of verifying the assets and liabilities of an organization. In the case of the body, the auditors had to undertake quarterly inventory counts. Furthermore, they detect and prevent errors and fraud from occurring. Finally, they report to the management n matters relating to

Patient satisfaction with dental care services Essay

Patient satisfaction with dental care services - Essay Example Infact, current core of modern marketing involves targeting consumer satisfaction because it is only through customer satisfaction that organizations can thrive, survive and grow. Dental service too like any other organization is concerned with consumer satisfaction or patient satisfaction. There is enough evidence to show that patient compliance, adherence to dentist and improved outcomes of treatment are related to patient satisfaction like in any other healthcare sector. Specifically, in dental services, a patient may need to meet the dentist several times, because many procedures are done in several sittings and can cause pain, distress and financial burden. Thus, it is only through patient satisfaction, that a patient can be made to come back to the same dentist. In this essay, patient satisfaction with dental care services with be discussed through review of suitable literature. Studies pertaining to consumer satisfaction were first done in 1960s and since there more than 15,000 articles have been published in this regard (Newsome and Wright, 1999a). According to Patterson et al (1997; cited in Newsome and Wright, 1999a), "the satisfied customer is an indispensable means of creating a sustainable advantage in the competitive environment." In the terrain of health care, consumer satisfaction has been widely recognized and is considered as a recognition of quality. Such a widespread importance for consumer satisfaction has occurred because of recognition of the need for involvement of the consumer in the process of health care. (Tuominene, and Tuominene, 1998). In health care system, clinical outcome of high quality is directly dependent on the level of compliance to treatment regimens, which in turn is dependent on patient compliance. A patient who is satisfied is compliant with appointments and treatments advised and hence, high quality in health care canno t be achieved without

Abraham Lincoln Essay -- biography bio biographies

Abraham Lincoln's effectiveness as president of the United States was so great that in all these years, and those before his time, no president has ever come close to equaling his achievements. Lincoln is known as a humble, honest man whose presidency irrevocably altered our society. He took office in a time of turmoil for our growing nation. During his administration he fought and won the bloodiest war in our history. Lincoln also passed through congress the most monumental piece of legislation for social change in our history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As social and economic differences plagued our nation, Lincoln sought above all else to preserve the Union. As the south seceded from the Union, became the Confederate States, and the Civil War began ‘Honest Abe' held onto his goal. With fighting resolve through the battles of Bull Run, Antietam, and Gettysburg Lincoln switched generals seeking the best leaders for his troops. He then appointed Ulysses S. Grant who led the Northern armies to victory and enabled President Lincoln to preserve the Union. If Lincoln had let the south go without a fight, lost the war, or taken advantage of the south's surrender, America as we now know it would not exist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On January 1st 1863 the Emancipation Proclamation was put into effect, freeing all slaves in the rebellious southern states. Lincoln wanted the United States to be viewed seriously by other nations and thought that slavery was primitive and wrong. With the Emancipation Proclamation he free...

Disease Control and Prevention

There are three basic approaches to preventing and controlling transmission of diseases: a) vector control (if applicable), b) personal protection, and c) vaccination (â€Å"How Vaccines Prevent Disease†). The CDC has expanded existing domestic and international community-based control programs for preventing infectious diseases. New preventive projects are being evaluated, including preventives of antimicrobial resistance, food borne and water borne illness and others.â€Å"Prevention is better than cure† – we always hear this statement whenever a new disease outbreak occurs to a community or a region. Disease prevention is indeed far more economical than treating the disease itself. One of the most practiced is the use of vaccines (Overturft). Prevention and control of all non-vaccine preventable diseases must rely on vector control and personal protection. Vector control however is seldom supported as a n independent program.Rather, it is in general incorporat ed into a larger prevention program that engages active surveillance for the disease and the vectors, personal protection, diagnosis and management of the disease and vector control. The purpose of surveillance is to help prevent disease by providing a mechanism for early caution or epidemic action, thus allowing for public health action. This is more than ever true for vector borne diseases such as dengue that often cycle silently in an area with intermittent epidemics that may cause significant morbidity and mortality.As a result, it is significant to have active laboratory based surveillance for infectious diseases to keep an eye on transmission even though there may be no evident disease in humans or domestic animals (Gersovitz and Hammer). To manage the condition, and the global nature of the diseases, the World Health Organization has responded by expanding its surveillance and other operations to meet the challenge of emerging and recurrent infectious diseases (â€Å"Infecti ous Diseases†). Disease Control and Prevention In a family which has a history of birth defect cases, it is difficult to accept the truth that your future child has a greater risk of having a birth defect. Prevention of the possible birth defects is the most common advice given to the family by many doctors. The proper and enough absorption of folic acid give many expectant mothers low risk of having babies with birth defects. Not all birth defects are fatal or untreatable like many parents believe. Many improved medications on birth defects are available and guaranteed to prevent having babies with birth defect.Some are treatment for babies that still in the womb. The most important thing for the treatment is to be able for the mother to understand the risk factors and how she can prevent having a baby with a birth defect. Knowledge about Birth Defects A birth defect is an abnormality of structure, function or metabolism that is present at birth. This abnormality leads to mental or physical disability or can lead to death. Many birth defects are known ranging from minor to serious. They are considered the leading cause of death of many babies in their first year of life.According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 120,000 babies are born each year suffering from birth defects in the United States alone. Causes of Birth defects About 60% of the birth defect cases have unknown causes. Environmental and genetic factors are also causes of birth defects (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 352-356). Genetically inherited birth defects occur when one or both parents pass along a defective gene to the child. Genes carry thread-like structures called chromosomes that determine individual characteristics and feature (Millensky, 1989, 201-267).Any faulty or missing gene can cause birth defect. Some of the birth defects can only occur if both parents are carrier of the defect. Even healthy parents can have effective genes and pass this on to their child. This kind of event is called the recessive inheritance. Recessive diseases are more severe than dominant diseases. Some examples of birth defects that are caused by recessive inheritance are sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, phenylketonuria (PKU) and cystic fibrosis (Millensky, 1989, 201-267).If only one parent passes along the recessive gene, the normal gene received from the other parent will prevent the disease. However, that child will be a carrier of the disease. The carrier of the disease has a 25% chance to have the disease if the other parent is also a carrier. Birth defects, such as Down syndrome, can also be caused by too many chromosomes or damaged chromosomes. Babies with Down syndrome have varying level of mental retardation and heart defects.On the other hand, environmental causes of birth defects include poor prenatal care, exposure to chemicals or radiation and use of drugs and alcoholic drinks during pregnancy. Any substance that can cause any abnormal development is termed â€Å"teratogenâ⠂¬â„¢ (Benneth, 2006, 217-230). Certain infections can result in birth defects when the woman deals with it during her pregnancy. About 40,000 babies a year are born with a viral infection known as cytomegalovirus (CMV) (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 352-356). These babies develop serious disabilities including mental retardation and loss of vision and hearing.Some of the other infections that can cause birth defects include syphilis, toxoplasmosis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis and parvovirus (Benneth, 2006, 217-230). In unusual cases, having a chicken pox during pregnancy can also cause birth defect. Much absorption of alcohol during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome. This syndrome includes mental retardation, low birth weight and heart problems. If alcohol has severe cause, so is the improper use of drugs. Drugs that can cause birth defects include tetracycline, sulfa drugs, hormone supplements and recreational drugs such as cocaine and LSD.Some birth defects, such as neural tube defects and cleft lip and palate are considered multifactorial birth defects which are caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Other causes of birth defects are Rh disease. This disease is the incompatibility of the mother’s and baby’s positive and negative blood factors (3). Common Birth Defects The most common defects in the United States are the Cleft lip or palate and Down syndrome. Each year, about 6,800 and 5,500 babies are born with cleft lip/ palate and Down syndrome respectively (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 352-356).Effects of cleft lip/ palate include problems in eating, speech and language. Cleft lip/ palate are not dangerous and surgical repair of the cleft can be done when the child reach the right age and size and is in good health to tolerate surgery. The most common problem encountered by children with clefts is hear infections. The cleft allows fluid and germs to enter the ears more easily that norma l that causes the infections in the ear. The occurrence of cleft lip/ palate can also cause more cavities leading to dental problems, thus, dental checkup is recommended by doctors.Moreover, statistics show that about 1,900 babies are born with a serious heart defect called transposition of the great arteries each year (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 352-356). Though advances in surgery developed the outlook for affected babies, heart defects still remain as the leading cause of birth defect infant deaths (Martin, 619-622). Doctors and many experts can not explain the real causes of abnormality in the heart, although both genetic and environmental factors are considered.Another defect that is caused by both genetic and environmental factors (including insufficient amount of folic acid) is the Spina Bifida or open spine. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1,300 cases occur each year. Other common birth defects include musculoskeletal defec t (arm and leg defect), gastrointestinal defects, and eye defects (). Martin, 619-622 Birth Defect of Body Chemistry Birth defects of body chemistry are not visible, but they can be harmful and worst, fatal. In 2002, about 3,000 babies were born with defects affecting body chemistry.A recessive genetic disease is the common cause of disorder of body chemistry. The inability of cells to produce enzymes or proteins that are needed to carry substance from one place to another to change certain chemicals to another is the main cause of this disease. An example is Tay – Sachs disease. Affected babies lack an enzyme needed to break down certain fatty substances in the brain cells. These fatty substances destroy brain cells that may result to blindness, paralysis and even death at the age of 5. Another example is phenylketonuria (PKU).In this disease, the baby cannot process a part of protein which builds up and damage the brain. Birth Defect Testing There are two types of testing a vailable in many hospitals and health centers to look for possible occurrence of birth defects. The first one is the screening test, which is able to look whether the baby is likely to have birth defects. If the screen test is positive, the second teat which is the diagnostic test should be performed. The rule of the diagnostic test is to confirm or rule out the possible problem that was detected by the screen test.Screening tests The processes involve in performing screen test that looks for Down syndrome are the nuchal fold ultrasound and a blood test. The ultrasound test uses sound waves to measure the thickness of the fetus’ neck while the blood test is intended to measure the levels of beta-hCG and a protein called pregnancy- associated plasma protein. Another screening test that is done between 15-20 weeks of pregnancy is the maternal serum triple or quadruple screening test. These tests check the amounts of three or four substances in a pregnant woman’s blood.Es timation of the chance of the fetus to have Down syndrome or other health problems is done after these blood tests. The quad screen on the other hand, check the substances (alpha-fetoprotein, and unconjugated estriol) and the level of hormone inhibin A. The doctors estimate the tendency of a woman to have a child with birth defects or other health problems through the data provided by the tests along with the age of the woman and other certain factors. Ultrasound on the other hand is a test that shows the development of the baby.This is usually done during the 18th and 20th week of pregnancy. Ultrasound can be used to screen some chromosomes with problems and find structural problems of the heart, spine, abdomen and other parts of the body. Diagnostic test Doctors usually used Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) to look at cells in the placenta. In this test, a sample of chorionic villus cells is collected by putting a small tool into the uterus through the vagina or by putting a needle through the belly into the uterus. This test can find many family diseases such as hemophilia and sickle cell disease.Another test under diagnostic is Amniocentesis which looks for many chromosomal problems by looking at the cells in the amniotic fluid. This test can find neural tube defects such as Spina bifida. Newly- born babies can also be tested, with the permission of the parents, for possible birth defects. Usually, all states perform PKU and congenital hypothyroidism on all the babies. The tandem mass spectroscopy is a new technique used by many state to newborn babies. This technique provides many features that screens for many disorders of metabolism on a small blood sample. PreventionThere are many ways of reducing the risk of a woman having a baby with birth defect. These ways should be remember and should be take into consideration by many women who wants to have a healthy with no physical or mental defects. One important thing to remember is the preconception visit wi th the health care provider. The health provider identifies the health conditions, such as high blood pressure and diabetes, which may cause risk in pregnancy. The provider can advice on lifestyle factors, such as quitting smoking and alcohol drinking that can cause risk in pregnancy.The medication intake of the woman is also check by the health provider to make sure that the medication is safe to pregnancy. The visit to health providers is crucial to women with chronic health problems, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. A great example is the woman which have diabetes has more likely to have a baby with birth defect compare to the woman who is not diabetic. Controlling the blood sugar levels of the woman starting before pregnancy can give low risk of having a baby with serious birth defects (11). This advice can be provided by the health care providers.Another thing that can be done by the health provider during the preconception visit is to see whether the vaccinations of t he woman are up to date. If the woman has no vaccines against chickenpox and rubella, she has to be vaccinated before pregnancy. In this way, possible risk of birth defect can be lower against woman with no vaccines. Vaccinated woman should wait for a month after being vaccinated before trying to become pregnant. All women should also know their health history including that of their partner and their family. With this, the provider can identify risk factors for inherited genetic conditions.The usual thing that the provider does when this case occurs is to refer the couples to genetic counselor that can explain the risk of birth defects and provide them assistance in conducting proper tests. Pregnant woman or woman who is planning to get pregnant should avoid any alcohol absorption, smoking and intake of drugs. The woman should not take any medication over the counter without making sure that this medication is safe for pregnant women. All women who could become pregnant should take a daily multivitamins containing folic acid.Studies show that proper intake of folic acid during early pregnancy will provide low risk of having a baby with neural tube defects (Spina bifida). Folic Acid to Prevent Birth Defects Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate which is a b vitamin found in a variety of foods. Folate is needed both before and in the first weeks of pregnancy and can help reduce the risk of having babies with common birth defects such as neural tube defects, which affect the brain and spinal cord. Neural tube defects can occur in an embryo before a woman realizes she is pregnant.This is the reason why it is important for all women age 15 to 45 to include folate in their balanced diet. With this, women who will get pregnant reduce their risk of having a baby with defect of the brain or spinal cord. New technologies were developed to include folate in many food supplements. The Food and Drug Administration requires food manufacturers to fortify enriched grain p roducts with folic acid. In this way, women can get sufficient amount of folic acid even in breads and fortified grains such as enriched pasta, rice, waffles and cereal bars. Other ways for pregnant women to have sufficient amount of folic acid are as follows:1) Eat fruits, dark-green leafy vegetables, dried beans and peas, and other foods that are natural sources of folate, 2) Eat folic acid-fortified enriched cereal grain products and breakfast cereals, 3) Take a food supplement containing folic acid. Nutrition information indicated on the labels of many food and dietary supplements can guide many women in identifying the amount of folic acid they are obtaining. Neural Tube Birth Defects The technical names of the two major neural tube birth defects reduced by adequate folate intake are anencephaly and Spina bifida.With proper medical treatment, most babies born with Spina bifida can survive to adulthood. But they may require leg braces, crutches, and other devices to help them wa lk. Other maternal factors also may contribute to the development of neural tube defects. Among these include the following: 1) use of certain ant seizure medications, 2) severe overweight, 3) family history of neural tube defects, 4) prior neural tube defect-affected pregnancy, 5) fever during early pregnancy and 6) diabetes. Studies about Folate In the 1950’s, scientist first suggested a connection between neural tube birth defects and diet.This incidence has always been higher in low socioeconomic groups in which women may have poorer diets. Another study looked at folic acid intake in Hungarian women. The evidence indicated that mothers who had never given birth to babies with neural tube defects and who took a multivitamin and mineral supplement with folic acid had less risk in subsequent pregnancies for having babies with neural tube defects than women given a placebo. Another study conducted by the U. S. Public health service in September 1992 resulted to a data that s hows that all women of childbearing age capable of becoming pregnant consume 0.4 mg of folate daily to reduce the risk of having a pregnancy with Spina bifida. This value corresponds to FDA’s Daily Value for folic acid, which is 400 micrograms for non-pregnant women. On the other hand, the Department of Agriculture said that many women between 19 and 50 consume much less than 400 micrograms of folate a day. Where to obtain Folic Acid Folate occurs naturally in a variety of foods, including liver, dark-green leafy vegetables such as collards, turnip greens, and Romaine lettuce, broccoli and asparagus, citrus fruits and juices.Folate can also be obtained from dietary supplements, such as folic acid tablets and multivitamins with folic acid, and from fortified breakfast cereals. Certain information on food and dietary supplement labels can help women spot foods containing substantial amounts of folate. The exact amount of folic acid is indicated in the label’s nutrition f acts panel. Some food and dietary supplement labels may claim that their product has sufficient amount of folic acid that reduce risk of having babies with birth defects. The products that claim this must: 1) provide 10 percent or more of the daily value for folic acid per serving;2) not contain more than 100 percent of the daily value for vitamins A and D per serving because high intakes of these vitamins are associated with other birth defects; and 3) List on the label’s Nutrition or Supplement facts panel the amount by weight in micrograms. This claim about folate is supported by the studies and statistics have been discussed but these alone will not ensure a healthy baby with no birth defects. Not only folate intake, but genetics is one of the factor that affect the pregnancy and providing risk to have babies with defects. Women have options for reaching the folate intake goal.They can attain this both before and during pregnancy by having a healthy balanced diet. The com bination of having proper intake of folic acid will ensure that women have low risk of having babies with birth defects. References American Academy of Pediatrics. Cytomegalovirus, in Pickering, L. K. (ed. ), Red Book: 2003 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 26th edition. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 259-262. Benneth, K. A. Fetal Surgery for Myelomeningocele, In Wyszynski. Neural Tube Defects from Origin to Treatment. New York City, Oxford University Press, 2006, 217-230.Birth Defects. Retrieved May 18, 2008, from Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Spina bifida and Anencephaly Before and after Folic Acid Mandate, 1995-1996. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, volume 53, number 17, 362-365. Children , Youth and Women’s Health Service. Alcohol- Effects on Unborn Children. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from Department of Human Service. Birth Defects in Victoria in 2003 and 2004. Retrieved May 18, 2008, from http://www.betterhea lth. vic. gov. au/bhcv2/bhcarticles. nsf/pages/Birth_defects_in_Victoria_2003_to_2004 Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Diseases. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www. cdc. gov/ncbddd/fas/fasask. htm Martin, J. A. , et al. Annual Summary of Vital Statistic. Pediatrics, Volime115, number 3, 619-634. Millensky, Aubrey. (1989). Genetic Disorders and the Fetus. 3rd edition, 201-267. New York: Plenum Press. (1995)Tropical Pediatrics and Environmental Child Health, Vol. 23, number 1, 4-10.

The Work Environment At A Large Community Hospital

Background Statement The work environment at a large community hospital is unfavorable. Recent change in senior management is producing much anxiety and uncertainty among the nursing staff. Nursing staff perceives they are required to work with limited resources. For the past two years, wages and benefits have not increased for the nursing staff. Presently, there is a national nursing shortage. As a result, the nurses feel overworked and underpaid. Also, their work efforts go unappreciated and unrecognized. A small group of nurses take matters into their own hands because they feel senior management is ignoring their grievances. The small group assembles daily during lunch to discuss issues and devise a scheme. They decide to resort to†¦show more content†¦For instance, management has not communicated effectively the need for the change in hospital’s senior management; therefore, the nursing staff experienced uncertainty and anxiety. Nurses are not conveying messages effectively to management, either. The nurses feel overworked, underpaid, unappreciated, and snubbed, even though they have expressed these concerns to management. Because senior management has not taken action to resolve present issues, a small group of nurses feel their concerns are not taken seriously. Such practices are a threat to building trustful working interpersonal relationships. When developing interpersonal relations in the workplace it is important to cultivate relationships based on trust, commitment or loyalty. A secondary problem is the nurses’ poor perception of hospital leadership. The nurses view management as incompetent as well as uncongenial. Also, the nurses are undermining hospital’s leadership by trying to manipulate management’s behavior through forming small groups of disgruntled employees. These tactics do not positively affect management, but adversely affect management. As a result, the hospital now has a union presence. Another secondary problem is that the nursing staff does not feel valued, which could affect their ability to clearly interpret conveyed messages from management. Effective communication requires â€Å"a good relationship